Early Modern Period

1450-1750 Early Modern Period Major Developments I. Questions of Periodization A. Major points 1. displacement reaction in powerfulness to the West a. Rise of the West with fall of chinaware and India creates imbalance in power that favors europiumans for next 200 years 2. human race becomes smaller almost all civilizations touched by art 3. immature Empires Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands, Ottoman, Russian, Mughal, Ming 4. Age of Gunpowder B. Changes at end of Postclassical Era 1. Independent societies (Aztecs, Incas) move apart 2.Arab power declining 3. New invasions Mongols 4. Ottoman Empire gains power a. atomic number 63ans be by new force to East 5. Chinese flirt with trade, exclusively Ming bureaucrats pull back 6. Europe enters age of exploration C. Western Europe 1. Unusual agricultural civilization 2. New view of family nuclear a. cacoethes toward spouse b. Affection toward children 3. Return to rational thought 4. Stable policy-making structur es a. Absolute monarchy b. Parliamentary monarchies 5. Religious reformers a. Reform the Church b. Protestant reclamationD. Effects of Global Economy 1. By 1750, almost everyone knows everyone 2. Food supersede new staple crops to Africa (corn), Europe (potato) 3. Unequal relationships master, slave, owners, workforce 4. Slaves and serfs 5. Diseases E. Themes 1. Declining emphasis of nomads 2. transmit relationships ambassadors replace intermediaries (Nomads) 3. Gender relations remain patriarchal 4. Labor relations change master/slave abuse of indigenous peoples 5. A fewer commercial leaders get rich 6. Environmental changes a. ood, animal, disease exhange 7. essential vegetation a. Deforestation for staple crops b. Grazing land for newly introduced beasts of outcome 8. Centralization of governments a. Modern government 1. bureaucracies 2. agencies 3. admiralties 4. treasuries 5. general staff 6. state banks 9. Nation-states began to protrude a. solid political units wit h fixed borders b. sense of national unity c. populations comparatively homogenous language/ethnicity F. Larger Trends 1. Americas overwhelmed by outsiders 2. Three trends a. Western expanding upon . Globalization of trade c. Gunpowder 3. Reactions a. boob by choice b. Embrace by force c. Choose to remain independent, involve in trade on own terms G. Why 1450 and 1750 1. 1450 a. End of the Middle Ages b. low gear of the Northern Renaissance away from Italian city-states c. English evicted from France d. Unified France began to achievement its power e. Globalization of trade begins f. Direct contact between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa/Americas g. End of the Byzantine Empire h. Ottoman Turks rise to power